ask : 最普通用詞，指向對方提出要求或請求，長、晚輩，上下級之間都可使用。

　　【英釋】If you ask someone to do something, you tell them that you want them to do it.

　　【例句】 We had to ask him to leave.

　　我們不得不要求他離開。

　　beg : 指懇切地或再三地請求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于應酬場合。

　　【英釋】If you beg someone to do something, you ask them very anxiously or eagerly to do it.

　　【例句】 I begged him to come back to England with me.

　　我懇求他和我一起回英格蘭。

　　demand : 一般指理直氣壯地提出強烈要求，或堅持不讓對方拒絕的要求。

　　【英釋】If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way.

　　【例句】Mr Byers last night demanded an immediate explanation from the Education Secretary.

　　昨晚拜爾斯先生要求教育大臣立刻作出解釋。

　　require : 強調根據事業、需要或紀律、法律等而提出的要求。

　　【英釋】If a law or rule requires you to do something, you have to do it.

　　【例句】The rules also require employers to provide safety training.

　　這些規定還要求雇主提供安全培訓。

　　request : 正式用詞，指非常正式，有禮貌的請求或懇求，多含擔心因種種原因對方不能答應的意味。

　　【英釋】If you request something, you ask for it politely or formally.

　　【例句】 Mr Dennis said he had requested access to a telephone.

　　丹尼斯先生說他已經請求使用電話。

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　　來源：https://www.bobo0528.com/read-44-1.html