關于定語從句的考點分析其實之前已經給大家講過。今天,小編又添加了一些更細的內容,比如關系代詞只能用that的情況等,并且將40道歷年真題及其答案解析直接附在考點講解后面,便于同學們學習/復習并鞏固。定語從句沒有想象中難,一起來學吧!
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
這是我們去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常遠。
(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個通過考試的人。
b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞指物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f. 主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a. 先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關系代詞前有介詞時,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達的時間。
(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.
這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
歷年定語從句真題及解析
1. A friend is someone______ says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A. who
B. Which
C. What
D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句的用法。先行詞是someone,表人,排除B,what不能引導定語從句,排除C;先行詞和空格后的單詞無所屬關系,排除D。故選A。
2. 一Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan?
—Sure. He is the writer ______won the Nobel(諾貝爾) Literature Prize.
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞的用法。which先行詞為物時;whose先行詞為人或物,作定語,后得接名詞;who先行詞為人,作主、賓、表語;whom先行詞為人,只作賓語。根據先行詞the writer作者,作主語。所以選擇答案C。
3. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ______ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D /
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely是定語從句,修飾先行詞invention,而先行詞是物,關系代詞用which或that。故選A。
4. I still remember the college and the teachers________I visited in London years ago.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句的連接詞的用法。who“誰”,what“什么”,that“那個”,which“那個”。這里是引導定語從句,用來修飾the college and the teachers,既包括人又包括物,所以關系詞只能用用that,而不能用which,所以選擇答案C。
5. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句引導詞。定語從句的先行詞the village, 在定語從句中充當的是地點狀語,所以用關系副詞where引導, 故選C。
6. I like the cartoon __ has a happy ending and makes me .
A. which; to laugh
B. that; to laugh
C. whose; laughing
D. which; laugh
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞及非謂語動詞。句意:我喜歡完滿結局、讓我笑的動畫片。先行詞the cartoon是物,故定語從句的用關系代詞用that/which;再由make sb. do sth.為固定結構,答案為D。
7. —What kind of music do you like?
—I like music ______ I can dance to.
A. because
B. when
C. who
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句的用法。句意:——你喜歡哪種音樂?——我喜歡能隨之跳舞的音樂。關系代詞that在定語從句中作介詞to的賓語,故選D。
8. —Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.
—Oh? She’s my aunt.
A. what
B. who
C. where
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是the woman,且在定語從句中作met的賓語可知用關系代詞who。所以選擇答案B。
9. Most students like the teachersunderstand them well.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查關系代詞。由先行詞是the teachers,且在定語從句中作主語,因此用關系代詞who。所以選擇答案B。
10. Most of my classmates prefer loud music _______they can dance to.
A. that
B. who
C. whose
D. where
【答案】A
【解析】 考查定語從句關系詞的選用,此題中的先行詞是music。當先行詞是事物時關系詞用that或 which,所以應選A。
11. Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】本題考查定語從句。先行詞是something,關系代詞用that。故選C。
12. People are talking about the old houses ____ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句引導詞的用法。這里定語從句要修飾the old houses,是事物,且在從句中做bought的賓語,所以要用連接代詞that或which,所以選擇答案A。
13. — Do you know Mo Yan?
— Of course. He is the famous writer _________ won the Nobel Prize in 2012.
A. who
B. whom
C. Which
【答案】A
【解析】選A。考查定語從句的引導詞。當先行詞指人時,常用that、who或whom,指物時,常用whic或that;又該句的先行詞writer指人,故選A項。
14. A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school.
A. which; when
B. that; who
C. which; whose
D. that; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查復合句的連接詞。第一個從句是定語從句,先行詞表示物,引導詞在定語從句中作主語,應當用that或which引導;第二個從句是時間狀語從句,用when引導。句意:畢業典禮是學生們從學校畢業時發生的習俗。
15. —Do you know the man ______ is standing at the door?
—Yes, I do. He's a friend of_____.
A. when; I
B. who; mine
C. that; me
D. which; my
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句引導詞以及名詞性物主代詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞the man是“人,在定語從句中充當的是主語,因此用關系代詞who或that引導來引導,我的一個朋友,a friend of mine.故選B.
16. She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .
A.who
B.that
C.which
D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞。因為先行詞是the girl,表示人,而且引導詞后緊跟名詞invention,所以選擇D答案。
17. I’ll remember the old buildings I visited in the village.
A. where
B. which
C. who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句引導詞的用法。這里定語從句要修飾the old buildings,是物,且在從句中做visited的賓語,所以要用連接代詞that或which,所以選擇答案C。
18. The young lady ______ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
【答案】 A
【解析】考查定語從句的用法。先行詞the young lady指人,故排除C,D ,先行詞作主語故用who連接。所以選擇答案 。
19. The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
A. that
B. what
C. whose
D. Who
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句中的關系代詞。句意:我們昨晚看的電影非常的好。因先行詞the movie指物,故用關系代詞that引導定語從句。
20. —Do you know of Guo Mingyi?
—Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker ______ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
【答案】A
【解析】本題考查定語從句的關系詞。由空格前的worker可知此處應用that 或who引導定語從句。
21. I love the schoolI have studied in for three years
A. where
B. when
C. that
【答案】C
【解析】本題考查定語從句的用法。先行詞是the school表示物,定語從句中缺少in的賓語,故用關系詞that,選C。
22. The Palace Museum is the best place _____ I’ve ever visited.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句中關系詞的選擇。先行詞place在定語從句中做賓語,所以選關系代詞,又因為先行詞被最高級the best修飾,只能用關系代詞that。故選A。
23. Teenagers like reading the books _____ are written by Guo Jingjing.
A. who
B. what
C. whose
D. that
【答案】 D
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞。這是一個定語從句,其先行詞是the books,所以用that/which,故選D。
24. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house ______ has new furniture in it.
A. who
B. where
C. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。匆記忙搬進有新家具的房子對健康有害。先行詞house是物,并且引導詞要在定語從句作主語,故選C。
25. The man_________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句的用法。句意為“正在和我們老師談話的那個人是貝蒂的爸爸”。先行詞是人,故排除A和D項,關系詞在定語從句中做主語,所以用who, 選擇答案C。
26. The house________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A. which
B. that
C. in which
D. there
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞。句意為“魯迅過去住的房子現在成了博物館。”。由于引導詞在從句中作狀語,故代詞which和that不合適,而there不能引導定語從句,故用in which。所以選擇答案C。
27. I can't find the book __________my mother bought me.
A. who
B. when
C. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句. 由先行詞the book為物,可知應選關系詞which。
28. The Gay Genius is the bookI like to read every day.
A. that
B. who
C. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句引導詞的用法。由句意“Gay Genius這本書是我每天喜歡讀的一本書”可知后句為定語從句。that 用來指人或物,who 用來指人。先行詞為物,在句中作主語,且不可省略,用that。故選A。
29. —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the watch ____ I bought yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞watch表示“物”,可以排除B;引導詞在定語從句中作主語,可以排除C。
30. —Why is Tom so sad?
—He has lost his new bike _______cost him 1800 yuan.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
【答案】 B
【解析】考查定語從句。由于先行詞為物,且在句中作主語,所以用which引導該定語從句。
31. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_______ has ever traveled in space.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. whose
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。先行詞woman astronaut“女飛行員”,指人,故答案選C項,在從句中作主語。
32. Most of my friends like loud music they can dance to.
A. that
B. what
C. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句。句意為:我的大多數的朋友都喜歡可以跟著跳舞的大聲音樂。they can dance to 是定語從句,修飾先行詞loud music,其中that是關系代詞,在從句中作賓語。
33. This is the school _______ we visited last year.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語從句關系詞的用法。當先行詞是物時用which,當先行詞是人時用who,that既可以指人又可以指物。此句中先行詞是the school,指物,并且定語從句中缺少賓語,所以用that。句意:這就是去年我們參觀的那所學校。故選A。
34. Lily doesn’t know ______ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money.
A. that; whose
B. how; who
C. what; who
D. what; whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查復合句中的連詞。句意:Lily不知道她喝她的朋友能做什么才能幫助這個父母離開家鄉去賺錢的小男孩。由know可知本句是賓語從句,動詞do后缺少賓語,故第一個空是由what引導的賓語從句;在賓語從句中又包含了定語從句,其先行詞為the little boy,且在從句中修飾parents ,故由whose引導定語從句。選D。
35. I really like the photo of my family _____ my sister took in the city park last year.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】先行詞是the photo,指物,定語從句中缺少took的賓語,所以關系詞應用which或that,故應選擇A。
36. Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy ______ made him a fool in the whole of class.
A. whom
B. which
C. what
D. who
【答案】D
【解析】先行詞是the boy,指人,定語從句中缺少made的主語,故選擇who.
37. —Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?
—The man _______ T-shirt is red.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】先行詞是the man,指人,定語從句中缺少T-shirt 的定語,故選擇whose.
38. —Do you know the girl ______ is talking with our teacher?
—Oh, she’s my sister.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. where
【答案】A
【解析】先行詞是the girl,指人,定語從句中缺少主語,故選擇who。
39. —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the CD ____ I bought yesterday.
A. that
B. who
C. whose
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】先行詞是the CD,指物,定語從句中缺少賓語,故選擇that.
40. The shop _____ sells flowers is at the end of the street.
A. who
B. where
C. which
【答案】C
【解析】先行詞是the shop,指物,定語從句中缺少主語,故選擇which.
關系副詞之歌
我們上周討論了關系代詞的用法,這周我們就來研究研究關系副詞。引導定語從句的關系副詞有where,when,why,它們分別作從句中地點狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語。
where的低吟
a. where的先行詞指地點
連詞where引導定語從句,它的先行詞一般是表示地點的名詞,例如place和house等。
1. This is the city whereI spent my childhood.
(我的童年就是在這座城市里度過的。)
2. Do you know any placewhereI can buy And Then There Were None?
(你知道我在什么地方可以買到《無人生還》嗎?)
b.!!!where在從句中作地點狀語!!!
上面講的很簡單,但是,但是,但是并非所有表地點的先行詞,都得用where來引導后面的定語從句,問題的關鍵是關系詞在從句中充當的成分。定語從句如果缺主語或者賓語,那就需要用which或者that來引導從句。比如:
3. This is the town whereI spent my childhood.
(這就是我度過童年的小城)
4. This is the town whichI told you about before.
(這就是我以前告訴過你的那座小城。)
嗯哼,我們來做個題:
I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place____.
A.where I’d like to visit B.in which I’d like to visit
C.I most want to visit D.that I want to visit it most
(我從未到過北京,但北京卻是我最想去的地方。)
when的獨白
a. when的先行詞指時間
when可以引導限制性和非限制性定語從句,先行詞是表示時間的名詞,如day,year或者time等。很簡單對吧,我們來看兩個句子。
5. I’ll never forget the day whenI met you.
(我永遠不會忘記我們見面的那一天。)
6. My favorite season is spring,whenthe earth seems born again.
(到了春天,萬物復蘇,所以春天是我最喜歡的季節。)
7. We will put off the outing until next week,whenwe won’t be so busy.
(我們要把出游推遲到下周,到時候我們就不會這么忙了。)
b. when在從句中作狀語
和上文where類似,我們反復強調when是關系副詞,在定語從句中作時間狀語。換句話說,如果從句中不缺狀語,而缺主語、賓語,那么即使先行詞是表示時間的名詞,也不能用when,而用which或者that來引導定語從句。
我們再次反復這個理念:用when引導定語從句的前提是when必須在它自己引導的定語從句中作時間狀語。
8. I’ll never forget the time whichI spent on campus.
(我永遠不會忘記在大學校園里度過的時光。)
9. I’ll never forget the day whenwe first met in the park.
(我永遠不會忘記我們第一次在公園里見面時的場景。)
例句8中spent缺賓語,所以the time充當賓語,關系詞用which。句9中,主謂齊全,缺少時間狀語,關系詞用when,修飾met。
why的絕唱
為什么說是絕唱呢,因為關系副詞到這就結束了,而且why的用法很簡單,真的很簡單。Why用來表示原因,只引導限制性定語從句,對應的先行詞是reason等表示原因的名詞。
10. This is the reason whyI love you.
(這就是我愛你的原因。)
有點肉麻哈,這里的why=for which。
最后,總結一下,這三個關系副詞的用法。最核心的點就是:它們只能充當狀語,不能作其它成分。
一周一點,語法不難,下周再見。
轉載請注明來自夕逆IT,本文標題:《什么叫做非限制性定語從句》

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