社交媒體幫助識別身份證來源

　　If you’ve ever checked out the restaurant reviews on Yelp, you know that these little missives can tell you whether a bistro is overpriced or understaffed or just nothing to write home about. But they may also be able to tell the local health department whether an establishment has been serving up Salmonella.

　　如果你曾經(jīng)看過Yelp的餐廳評論，你知道這些小小的信件可以告訴你，一家小酒館價(jià)格過高還是人手不足，或者什么都不寫。但他們也可以告訴當(dāng)?shù)匦l(wèi)生部門，一家企業(yè)是否在服務(wù)中是否存在沙門氏菌。

　　Researchers at Columbia University in New York City were looking into an outbreak of food poisoning at a local restaurant a few years ago when they got the idea of using social media to track gastrointestinal disturbances.

　　紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究人員，幾年前正在研究當(dāng)?shù)匾患也宛^，發(fā)生的食物中毒事件，他們想到，可以利用社交媒體追蹤胃腸道紊亂癥人群。

　　“During the investigation, the Department of Health noted that patrons had reported their illnesses on yelp in the reviews but hadn’t reported them via 311, the city’s official reporting service.”Computer scientist Thomas Effland, who led the study.

　　“在調(diào)查過程中，衛(wèi)生署注意到，顧客在評論中報(bào)告了他們的疾病，但沒有通過該市官方報(bào)告服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)311報(bào)告他們。”計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家Thomas Effland領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這項(xiàng)研究。

　　Previous investigations had shown that monitoring social media for keywords associated with illness was a good way of rapidly identifying outbreaks of infectious diseases…such as the flu. So Effland and his team built a similar system for stomach symptoms. The Department of Health started using it in 2012.

　　以前的調(diào)查顯示，監(jiān)測與疾病相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞的社交媒體，是快速確定傳染病爆發(fā)的好方法，如流感病。所以Effland和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)為胃病癥狀建立了一個(gè)類似的系統(tǒng)。衛(wèi)生署在2012年開始使用它。

　　“The tool works by sifting through the recent Yelp reviews for New York City restaurants each day to identify potential reports of foodborne illness.”Yelp reviews get scanned for telltale terms such as “vomit,” “diarrhea,” “food poisoning,” and “sick.” Flagged entries then then get passed along to epidemiologists for a closer look.

　　“該工具的工作原理是篩選最近Yelp對紐約市餐館的評論，每天查明潛在的食源性疾病報(bào)告。”Yelp的評論被掃描了諸如“嘔吐”、 “腹瀉”、“食物中毒”、“生病”等關(guān)鍵詞。然后將標(biāo)記的條目傳遞給流行病學(xué)家進(jìn)行仔細(xì)研究。

　　The system has produced some false positives, for example, from reviews that stated things like, the food “had a weird chunky consistency…h(huán)opefully we won’t get sick tonight.” And it missed a few posts, like when the writer misspelled “diarrhea” (a challenging word to write down even when you don’t have it).

　　該系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了一些誤報(bào)，例如，從評論中說，食物“有一個(gè)奇怪的厚實(shí)的一致性...希望我們今晚不會(huì)生病”。它錯(cuò)過了幾個(gè)職位，如作家拼寫錯(cuò)誤“ 腹瀉“(即使沒有時(shí)，也要寫下具有挑戰(zhàn)性的詞匯)。

　　But overall, the results are nothing to sneeze at. Or in this case, barf at.“We found that using Yelp data has helped the Health Department identify approximately 1,500 complaints of foodborne illness in New York City each year. In total the system has found 8,523 complaints since July 2012, resulting in the identification of 10 outbreaks.”

　　但總的來說，結(jié)果是沒有什么可以指責(zé)的。 或在這種情況下，“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用Yelp數(shù)據(jù)幫助衛(wèi)生部門，每年在紐約市發(fā)現(xiàn)大約1,500起食源性疾病的投訴。該系統(tǒng)自2012年7月以來，一共發(fā)起了8,523宗投訴，其中10宗病癥爆發(fā)。

　　The study is in the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. The researchers plan to extend their analysis to Twitter. After all, many people use Twitter to let everyone know that they’re not well.

　　這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)會(huì)》雜志上。畢竟，很多人使用Twitter來讓大家知道他們不好受。

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